Internet of Things (IoT): A Literature Review

   A.      Abstract

One of the terms in the Information Technology is the Internet of Things (IOT). The future is the     Internet of Things, which will transform real world objects into virtual objects intelligently. IOT aims to unite all things in our world under a common infrastructure, giving us not only control things around us, but also keep us informed of the state of things. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the Internet of Things, architecture, and important technologies and use them in our daily lives. However, this paper will provide a good understanding for new researchers, who want to do research in this field of Internet of Things (Technology GOD) and facilitate the accumulation of knowledge in efficient. If you have mainly used the Internet for matters that are not productive, it is time you move the bow be made for productive purposes. Because, cyberspace can be considered as the field of money is almost boundless. Like wells without foundation, which in fact can be extracted and owned by those who are keen to see the opportunities in it.

   B.      Purpose

know about the development of IOT

   C.      Introduction

Speaking of the Internet of Thing is commonly called the IOT is endless because the Internet of Things has no fixed definition always some discussion of whether it comes from one of our daily life to objects that can be used as a device to facilitate our activities. There is a sea change in the daily life of human beings and working conditions in the organization after the arrival of IT and ITES technology. It became well-known concept in many horizontal and vertical markets, including the daily life of an ordinary man in the community, because it has several applications.

The development of Internet of Things [IOT] has been primarily driven by the needs of large companies that stand to benefit greatly from the foresight and predictability provided by the ability to follow all the objects through the commodity chain in which they are embedded. Ability to code and track objects has allowed the company to become more efficient, speeding up the process, reduce errors, prevent theft, and merge complex and flexible organizational system through IOT. IOT is a revolutionary technology that represents the future of computing and communications, and its development depends on technical innovation dynamic in a number of important areas of wireless sensors for nanotechnology.

   D.   Contents

Internet of Things is a new paradigm shift in the IT arena. The phrase "Internet of Things" is also shortly known as IOT was created from two words that the first word is "Internet" and the second word is "Something". The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope that are linked by a broad array of electronic network technology, wireless and optical. Currently more than 100 countries connected to the exchange of data, news and opinions via the Internet. According to Internet World Stats, as of December 31, 2011 there were an estimated 2, 267, 233, 742 Internet users worldwide. This marks the 32.7% of the total population of the world using the internet. Even the Internet would be to space via the Cisco Internet Routing in Space Program (IRIS) in the fourth year. While coming to Things to any object or person that can be distinguished from the real world. everyday objects includes not only electronic devices we've come across and use everyday and advanced technology products such as appliances and gadgets. Simply put, the Internet of Things is the basic concept that connects any device to each other. Including refrigerators, TVs, washing machines, lights, smartphones, cars and much more. In addition to everyday appliances, IOT also connect various engine components such as aircraft jet engines, oil drilling mining and others.

   E.       Definitions

There is no unique definition provided for the Internet of Things that can be accepted by the world community of users. In fact, there are many different groups including academics, researchers, practitioners, innovators, developers and those companies that have defined the term, even though the initial use has been associated with Kevin Ashton, an expert on digital innovation. What all the definitions have in common is the idea that the Internet is the first version of the data created by the people, while the next version is about the data created by the stuff. The best definition for the Internet of Things will be: "A network of open and comprehensive object savvy that have the capacity to auto-organize, share information, data and resources, react and act in the face of situations and environmental changes" Internet of Things maturity and continue became the latest, the most hyped concept in IT world. On top of the last decade the term Internet of Things (IOT) has attracted attention by projecting a vision of global infrastructure of physical objects network, enabling anytime, anywhere connectivity to anything and not just to one. Internet of Things can also be considered as a global network that allows communication between human to human, human to things and things-to-things, that nothing in the world by providing a unique identity for each object. IOT depicts a world in which anything can be connected and communicate with a clever way previously. Most of us think of "connected" in terms of electronic devices such as servers, computers, tablets, phones and smart phones. In the so-called Internet of Things, sensors and actuators embedded in physical objects from the highway to a pacemaker-connected through wired and wireless networks, often using the same Internet IP that connects the Internet. These networks churn out large volumes of data flowing into a computer for analysis. When objects can both sense the environment and communicate, they become tools for understanding complexity and responding to it quickly. What is revolutionary in all this is that the physical information system is now starting to be deployed, and some of them even work largely without human intervention. "Internet of Things" refers to coding and networking of everyday objects and things to make them individually to machine-readable and traceable Internet. Much of the content on the Internet of Things has been created through the RFID tag encoded and IP addresses connected to an EPC (Electronic Product Code) network.

    F.       Genesis

Internet of Things is a revolutionary technology that represents the future of computing and communications, and its development depends on the dynamic of technical innovation in a number of important areas of wireless sensors for nanotechnology. It was the first Internet tool is the Coke machine at Carnegie Melon University in the early 1980s. Programmers working several floors above the vending machines to write a server program that is being pursued because of how long it has storage in the machine column has been filled. Programmer can be connected to the machine over the Internet, check the status of the machine and determine whether or not there will be a cold drink waiting for them, should they decide to travel to the engine. Although the keyword "Internet of Things" evolution was out way back in 1980 with a vending machine coffee, the original term coined by Kevin Auston, Executive Director of the Auto-ID Labs at MIT in 1999. The concept of the first IOT became very popular through Auto -ID center in 2003 and in related publications market analysts. Right from the beginning of the Internet evolution It started, there are a lot of things or objects connected to the Internet for a variety of applications through technologies that vary depending on the type of object to the ability of human comfort.

   G.     Conclusions

IOT has gradually brought a sea change in technology in our everyday lives, which in turn helps to make our lives simpler and more convenient, although a variety of technologies and applications. There are countless uses IOT application to all domains including medical, manufacturing, industrial, transportation, education, government, mining, habitat etc. Although IOT has abundant benefits, there are some weaknesses in the governance and implementation of IOT. Key observations in the literature is that (1) There is no standard definition worldwide (2) Universal standardization is needed in the architecture level (3) Technology which vary from vendors, so it needs to be interoperable (4) In order to better global governance, we need to establish a standard protocol. Let's hope that a better future IOT.

Reference:

http://file.scirp.org/pdf/JCC_2015052516013923.pdf

Review Paper Internet of Things

      A.   Latar Belakang

           

      Kemajuan teknologi yang terus berkembang dengan pesat hingga saat ini membuat para perusahaan yang menyediakan berbagai macam program untuk membantu mengemmbangkan produk berbasis Internet of Things. Internet of Things (IoT) merupakan sebuah istilah yang belakangan ini mulai ramai ditemui namun masih sedikit yang mengerti arti dari istilah ini. Secara umum Internet of Things dapat diartikan sebagai benda-benda di sekitar kita yang dapat berkomunikasi antara satu sama lain melalui jaringan internet.

      Internet of Things memiliki konsep yang bertujuan untuk memperluas manfaat yang tersambung dalam koneksi internet secara terus menerus. Sebagai contoh benda elektronik, bahan pangan dan termasuk benda hidup dan masih banyak lagi. Benda tersebut dapat ditanamkan sensor yang dibuat selalu aktif dan terhubung secara luas, baik dengan jaringan lokal maupun dengan jaringan global.

      Jika Anda selama ini lebih banyak menggunakan internet untuk urusan yang tidak produktif, kinilah saatnya Anda berpindah haluan menjadi menjadikan internet untuk tujuan produktif. Karena, dunia maya dapat dikatakan sebagai ladang uang yang nyaris tiada batasnya. Ibarat sumur tanpa dasar, yang sesungguhnya bisa digali dan dimiliki oleh mereka yang jeli melihat peluang di dalamnya. Kejelian melihat peluang inilah yang akan menjadikan seseorang itu akan sukses di internet.

B.   Tujuan

Mengetahui  pengertian Internet of Things

Mengetahui dampak dari Internet of Things

Mengetahui perkembangan internet 

C. Isi

 

1. Pengertian Internet of Things 

Bicara mengenai Internet of Thing yang biasa disebut dengan IoT tidak ada habisnya karena Internet of Things tidak mempunyai definisi tetap selalu ada saja bahasan entah itu berasal dari suatu keseharian kita hingga benda-benda yang dapt dijadikan perangkat untuk mempermudah aktivitas kita. Namun kita dapat menentukan apakah suatu perangkat merupakan bagian dari IoT atau tidak dengan pertanyaan berikut ini: Apakah produk suatu vendor dapat bekerja dengan produk dari vendor yang lain? Dapatkah suatu kunci pintu dari vendor A berkomunikasi dengan saklar lampu dari vendor B, dan bagaimana jika seorang pengguna ingin memasukkan termostatnya menjadi bagian dari komunikasi tersebut.

Sederhananya, Internet of Things adalah konsep dasar yang menghubungkan perangkat apapun satu sama lain. Termasuk kulkas, TV, mesin cuci, lampu, smartphone, mobil dan masih banyak lagi. Selain peralatan sehari-hari, IoT juga bisa menghubungkan berbagai komponen mesin seperti mesin jet pesawat terbang, bor pertambangan minyak dan lain-lain.

      2. Dampak Internet of Things

      Perkembangan internet masa kini telah memberikan banyak dinamika baru dalam kehidupan manusia. Di depan internet semua menjadi mudah dan murah. Kita dapat menemukan berbagai aktivitas kehidpan seperti berjualan, belajar, informasi dan komunikasi. Perkembangan internet masa kini memberikan banyak dampak bagi kehidupan anak dan kalangan remaja. Dampak ini dapat bersifat positif maupun negatif. Berikut beberapa dampak yang muncul akibat perkembangan internet masa kini: 

      Dampak positif: 

      Kehadiran teknologi memberikan ruang sebagai tempat belajar yang efektif untuk kalangan pelajar. Internet menyediakan banyak hal seperti pengetahuan baik berbentuk audio maupun visual. Kita tidak perlu bersusah payah untuk pergi ke toko buku, hanya dengan membuka internet akan lebih murah dan efisien disbanding dengan tidak menggunakan internet. 

      Dengan adanya internet, kita dapat melatih kreativitas kita dengan cara membuat blog, desain grafis, aplikasi desain erbsite dan macam-macam software. Terlebih dengan kehadiran layanan streaming di internet, informasi bukan hanya dari layar kaca seperti televisi saja melainkan memberikan suguhan aneka informasi yang up to date dan actual. 

      Dampak negatif: 

      Penggunaan internet terus menerus dapat mengurangi sifat social manusia karena cenderung berhubungan lewat internet daripada bertemu secara langsung. Kejahatan sperti menipu dan mencuri dapat dilakukan . dari sifat social yang berubah dapat mengakibatkan perubahan pola masyarakat dalam berinteraksi. Dengan adanya internet dapat membuat seseorang merasa kecanduan terutama menyangkut pornografi dan dapat menghabiskan uang karena hanya untuk memenuhi kesenangan orang tersebut.  

          

      3. Perkembangan Internet

      Di masa datang, membangun kapasitas jaringan dan menyalurkan pengetahuan tentang teknologi untuk membantu mereka yang belum memakai jaringan adalah dua hal yang menjadi prioritas mereka. Hal ini dikemukakan oleh 78% responden tentang prioritas mereka dalam pengembangan dana dan waktu di masa depan dalam kaitannya dengan jaringan internet. 

      Dalam buku tersebut, kedua “global thinker” itu berkolaborasi memaparkan visi-visi mereka tentang masa depan. Dalam satu kalimat, dunia masa depan menurut mereka adalah sebuah dunia di mana orang-orang saling terhubung, dunia yang penuh dengan tantangan dan membuka banyak kesempatan bagi setiap orang. 

      Schmidt dan Cohen menggabungkan pengetahuan dan pengalaman mereka untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan pelik tentang masa depan. 

      Contohnya, kekuatan siapakah yang lebih besar di masa mendatang, sebuah negara atau warganya? Akankah teknologi mempermudah atau mempersulit teroris dalam melakukan aksinya? Ketika orang-orang telah terhubung melalui internet, perubahan apakah yang akan terjadi dalam perang, diplomasi, dan revolusi di masa depan? Lalu, bagaimana teknologi dapat membantu membangun masyarakat? 

      Perkembangan teknologi kembali membawa kemungkinan menakjubkan. Sebuah teknologi bernama ‘Grid’ diklaim 10.000 kali lebih cepat daripada koneksi broadband internet yang ada sekarang. ‘Grid’ pun digadang-gadang akan menggantikan internet di masa depan. 

     ‘Grid’ disebut mampu mengunduh video film hanya dalam hitungan detik. Memang sulit dipercaya, namun ‘Grid’ ini dibesut oleh CERN, pusat penelitian ilmiah terkemuka Eropa yang dulu juga berjasa amat besar dalam mengembangkan World Wide Web. 

      Teknologi ‘Grid’ juga diklaim mampu mengirimkan gambar kualitas sangat tajam dengan cepat, game online secara bersamaan dengan jutaan pemain serta video telepon dengan ongkos murah. 

      David Britton, profesor di Glasgow University yang memimpin penelitian menyatakan, ‘Grid’ bisa mengubah kehidupan masyarakat. Dengan kekuatan teknologinya, generasi masa depan akan berkomunikasi dengan cara yang tak terbayangkan oleh generasi masa kini. 

      Untuk awalnya, kecanggihan teknologi itu akan dipertunjukkan tak lama lagi dalam menginvestigasi terjadinya alam semesta. Adapun jaringan awal terdapat di berbagai negara termasuk Inggris, Amerika dan Kanada, yang terhubung dengan laboratorium CERN. 

      Sampai saat ini menurut CERN, sebanyak 55.000 server telah dimanfaatkan dalam pengembangan ‘Grid’, dengan perangkat fiber optik dan routing tercanggih. Kita tunggu saja apakah benar ‘Grid’ nantinya memang akan merevolusi pemakaian internet.

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     http://dinandwinanto.blogspot.co.id/2015/06/makalah-internet-of-things.html  

     http://herlinasningrum.blogspot.co.id/2015/06/makalah-internet-of-things.html   

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     http://amalliafr.blog.st3telkom.ac.id/2015/12/16/makalah-internet-of-things-2/

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     https://www.codepolitan.com/apa-sih-yang-dimaksud-internet-of-thing